YaraVita® - Plant Nutrient Deficiencies

ATTENTION TO DETAIL

That’s what YaraVita® products deliver.

The name YaraVita® is derived from the old Norse language with Yara meaning “good harvest” and “Vita” meaning ‘knowledge”.

 

YaraVita® is a range of products designed to be part of any crop nutrition program and to complement the basic NPK fertilization. They are fully formulated products created from the chemist’s bench with crop nutrition in mind. When you choose YaraVita® you can be sure that what you apply will be convenient to use, effective and safe for the crop.

There are YaraVita® products for foliar application, fertigation, hydroponics and seed treatment. Each of these categories has specific features to bring the best benefit to a specific situation.

Nitrogen

Strawberries	Peas
Soybean	Cotton
Corn	Apple
Tobacco	Citrus

 

Functions

• Primary building block for amino acids, protein and plant protoplasm
• Critical for flower differentiation, rapid shoot growth, bud vigor and fruit set
• Increases size and quality of fruit
• Acts as a catalyst for other nutrients

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Foliage is yellowish-green, lower, older foliage shows yellowing first
• Vegetative growth is significantly reduced
• Smaller fruit size
• Lower yields
• High levels result in lower quality, delayed coloration, soft
• Fruit, short storage life and low juice content

Made Worse By

• Extreme low or high pH
• Sandy soils, drought, high rainfall/ irrigation - leaching
• Low soil OM
• Fast growing crops

** Most vegetables and fruit trees benefit from nitrate nitrogen, especially during cooler temperature. Yara’s CN-9, Tropicote® and CAN-17 are highly recommended under these situations.

Phosphorus

Cauliflower	Strawberry
Apples	Corn
Table Beet	Cereals
Cucumber	Soybean

 

Functions

• Hastens maturity
• Energy transfer and storage 
• Formation of nucleic acids RNA and DNA 
• Promotes root, flower and seed development

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Leaf die-back
• Older leaves, stems and veins may show purplish coloration
• Delayed maturity
• Poor seed development
• Can cause fruit quality problems

Made Worse By

• Very acidic or calcareous soils
• Low OM
• Cold, wet conditions
• Poorly developed root systems
• Low soil available P, high soil Fe

Sulfur

Cabbage	Cereals
Tomato	Soybean
Potato	Lettuce
Corn	Spinach

 

Functions

• Component of amino acids and proteins
• Promotes growth and maturity
• Flavor component
• Necessary for protein and plant oil synthesis
• Aids in nodule formation on legumes
• Necessary for efficient nitrogen stabilization

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Young leaves are light green to yellow
• Plants are small and stunted
• Reduced growth
• Delayed maturity

Made Worse By

• Acid soils
• Light soils
• Low OM
• Poor soil aeration

Potassium

Cabbage	Cauliflower
Corn	Cucumber
Vines	Pepper
Oil Seed Rape	Soybean

 

Functions

• Enzyme activator
• Necessary for the formation of sugars, the synthesis of proteins and cell division
• Essential for oil formation
• Improves cold weather tolerance
• Improves fruit color
• Helps regulate fruit acidity
• Increases oil content of avocados and contributes to cold hardiness
• Improves coloring of grapes and apples, by aiding in anthocyanin synthesis
• High levels increase peel thickness and reduce juice percentage in grapefruit and oranges, but increase juice content in lemons

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Leaf distortion and curling
• Older foliage may show marginal leaf scorch, distortion, curling and premature drop
• Late season blotchy or irregular pattern of chlorosis
• Poorly developed root systems may result in lodging of cereals

Made Worse By

• Acid soils
• Sandy soils, heavy rainfall irrigation - leaching
• Heavy soils with low K reserves
• High Ca, Mg soils
• Poor soil aeration

Calcium

Potatoes	Strawberry
Apples	Soybean
Corn	Tomatoes
Oil Seed Rape	Cabbage

 

Functions

• Aids in cell wall formation and structure
• Necessary for the development of firm fruit
• Helps regulate nutrient uptake by roots and movement throughout the plant
• Necessary for early root growth and new top growth
• Encourages grain and seed development

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Poor root development
• External and internal disorders of many fruits and vegetables
• Premature shedding of blossoms and buds
• Deformed terminal leaves and fruit
• Dead terminal buds

Made Worse By

• Acid soils
• Sandy or sodic soils
• High soil Al
• Drought

 * * Most vegetable and fruit crops benefit from soil applied soluble calcium. Yara’s CN-9, Tropicote®, and CAN-17 are highly recommended for Ca sensitive crops

Magnesium

Potato	Cucumber
Apples	Vines
Oil Seed Rape	Spinach
Corn	Cereals

 

Functions

• Enzyme activator
• Essential for chlorophyll synthesis and nitrogen metabolism
• Helps formation of amino acids, vitamins, sugars, oil and fats
• Aids in use of phosphorus
• Neutralizes organic acids
• Aids in seed germination
• Promotes early growth, uniform maturity and winter hardiness

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Chlorotic leaves with brilliant colors
• Overall yellowing with green veins
• Drooping leaves
• Chlorosis appears first on older leaf tips, moves inward
• Necrotic spots on leaves
• Excessive, premature fruit drop

Made Worse By

• Very sandy soils
• Acid soils
• High K or Ca
• Heavy K fertilizer
• Cold wet conditions

Zinc

Vines	Citrus
Apples	Cucumber
Potatoes	Lettuce
Oil Seed Rape	Soybean

 

Functions

• Needed for the synthesis of auxins (growth hormones) and protein
• Essential for uniform maturity and seed formation
• Aids in chloroplast formation and internodal and cell elongation
• Enzyme activator
• Increases leaf size, fruit size and quality
• Important for calcium translocation in plant tissues

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Stunted growth
• Leaves may be small, malformed, yellowish or mottled
• Striping in grasses
• Twig die-back
• Chlorotic interveinal tissue and interveinal mottling in new growth
• Reduced set, fruit development and size

Made Worse By

• Organic soils
• High pH
• High P soils or high P fertilization
• Cold, wet soils

Manganese

Vines	Curcurbits
Citrus	Cotton
Oil Seed Rape	Cereals
Spinach	Peas

 

Functions

• Acts as a coenzyme, important in oxidation-reduction reactions
• Aids in nitrogen utilization and assimilation
• Assimilates CO2 in photosynthesis
• Essential for phosphorus and magnesium uptake
• Aids in chlorophyll synthesis

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Chlorosis appears first on old leaves
• Chlorosis sometimes seen on new growth
• Rust spots or a mottled pattern on many plants
• Some crop stunting

Made Worse By

• Very alkaline soils
• Organic soils
• Heavy leached acid sandy soils
• Prolonged cold wet periods

Iron

Vines	Citrus
Walnuts	Apples
Soybean	Tomatoes
Peanuts	Peach

Functions

• Aids in energy transfer
• Activator for enzymes that control respiration
• Required for chlorophyll formation
• Important chloroplast and enzyme component

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Early season patternless paling in leaf color
• Later season yellowing of leaves
• Young leaves show chlorotic symptoms first, may develop interveinal chlorosis
• In grasses, alternate rows of green and white
• Moderate deficiency, lower crop yield and quality
• Severe deficiency, stunted growth

Made Worse By

• High pH soil
• Water logged soil
• Calcareous soil
• High Cu, Mn, Zn

Boron

Vines	Citrus
Cauliflower	Lettuce
Oil Seed Rape	Potatoes
Corn	Sugarbeet

 

Functions

• Essential for reproduction, aids in formation of pollen tube
• Aids in formation of hormones
• Required for protein synthesis
• Aids in translocation of calcium, sugars and growth regulators
• Important for early growth, flowering and fruit set
• Maintains balance between sugar and starch
• Helps regulate auxin
• Necessary for cell division and differentiation, shoot and root tip development

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Death of terminal growth
• Young meristematic tissues disintegrate
• Leaves are thickened, curled and brittle
• Poor seed-set
• Poor fruit-set, reduced flowering
• Tubers, fruits and roots may become discolored, cracked and flecked with brownspots
• Small, malformed fruit

Made Worse By

• Sandy, alkaline soils, free lime
• Low OM
• High N or Ca

Copper

Corn	Sugar Beet
Lettuce	Soybean
Spinach	Potatoes
Cereals	Onion

 

Functions

• Plays a critical role in photosynthesis
• Enzyme activator in respiration processes and the conversion of amino acids to protein
• Necessary for seed and chlorophyll formation
• Component of several enzymes
• Contributes to color and flavor development in fruits and vegetables

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Marginal leaf yellowing and chlorosis
• Shoot die-back
• Dead spots and brown areas on terminal leaves
• Stunted growth, undersized fruit
• Mild deficiency, reduced growth and yield
• Severe deficiency, tip necrosis
• Small, malformed fruit

Made Worse By

• Organic soils
• Leachable soils
• High N application

Molybdenum 

Cabbage	Corn
Lettuce	Soybean
Wheat	Pepper
Strawberry	Lettuce

 

Functions

• Necessary for nitrogen fixation in legumes
• Necessary for amino acid formation, and nitrogen utilization
• Key role in cell division
• Directly involved in the synthesis of enzymes used for cellular energy metabolism

General Deficiency Symptoms

• Pale yellow leaves, especially in legumes
• Malformed leaves with normal midribs (“whiptail” of Brassicas)
• Interveinal chlorosis, with a glassy appearance (“yellow spot” of citrus)
• Death of vegetative growing point often accompanied by a brown exudate
• Stunted plants with shortened internodes

Made Worse By

• Acid peaty soils
• Sloped soils
• Coarse textured soils
• Soils high in available manganese
• Soils high in iron and aluminium oxide
• Red clay soils

Yara International ASA